Particularly horses: the Union had twice that of the Confederacy, 3.4 million to the CSA's 1.7. With the exception of rice and tobacco, the Union had a clear agricultural advantage. In the Border States there were 2.5 million free inhabitants and 500,000 enslaved people. In the Confederacy, the population was listed as 5.5 million free and 3.5 million enslaved. The population of the Union was 18.5 million. On the homefront, the Union had $234,000,000 in bank deposit and coined money or specie while the Confederacy had $74,000,000 and the Border States had $29,000,000.
Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia, Kentucky and Missouri were called Border States. The Confederacy included the states of Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia.
The Union included the states of Maine, New York, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, California, Nevada, and Oregon.
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